Public Policy and
Biological Threats

A program of the UC Institute on
Global Conflict and Cooperation

funded by the Carnegie Corporation of New York

Planning Meeting
Participants

PPBT Fellows

Other Participants
Henry D. I. Abarbanel
Tomas Aragón
Samuel Bozzette
Peter Cowhey
James Dunford
Michael A. Friedman
Karl Hostetler
Michele Jay-Russell
Dennis M. Kenneally

Michael J. Kleeman
Michael Nacht
William Potter
Daniel B. Rodriguez
David Tuller
Jessica Wallack
Cyndi Wells
Dean Wilkening
Raymond A. Zilinskas

Henry D. I. Abarbanel is a professor of physics in the Marine Physical Laboratory, Scripps Institution of Oceanography and the Department of Physics at UC San Diego. He received his B. S. in Physics from the California Institute of Technology in 1963 and his Ph.D. in physics from Princeton University in 1966.

Dr. Abarbanel is a member of UCSD Neurosciences Graduate Program. He has served as chairman of Special Interest Group for Dynamical Systems, Society of Industrial and Applied Mathematics; chair, University of California–NASA, Steering Committee for Joint Program in Nonlinear Science; chairman, California Coordinating Committee for Nonlinear Studies of the University of California; and is presently the director of the Institute for Nonlinear Science at UC San Diego and a research physicist at SIO's Marine Physical Laboratory. Dr. Abarbanel also serves as editor-in-chief for the Springer-Verlag Series in Nonlinear Science, and was a member of the Office of Naval Research Board of Visitors in Physics.

Tomas Aragón is executive director and medical epidemiologist at the UC Berkeley Center for Infectious Disease Preparedness. Before coming to the UC Berkeley School of Public Health, Dr. Aragón worked for seven years as director of Community Health Epidemiology and Disease Control at the San Francisco Department of Public Health, and as Deputy County Health Officer for the City and County of San Francisco. At SFDPH he directed communicable disease control and prevention, bioterrorism preparedness and response planning, and the epidemiologic and effectiveness research unit. Dr. Aragón's education and training include UC Berkeley (B.A. Molecular Biology, DrPH Epidemiology), Harvard Medical School (M.D., MPH), and UC San Francisco (Internal Medicine, Clinical Infectious Diseases, and AIDS epidemiology fellowship).

Samuel Bozzette is senior natural scientist at RAND. His expertise is in infectious diseases, particularly HIV and agents of bioterrorism and biowarfare. He is also interested in health outcomes research and clinical decision making. Dr. Bozzette holds an M.D. from the University of Rochester, a M.Phil, and a Ph.D. in Policy Analysis from the RAND Graduate School. He is board certified in Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases.

Dr. Bozzette currently directs the Health Services Research Unit and the Center for Patient-Oriented Research at the VA San Diego, and is a research director for the VA's Quality Enhancement Research Initiative in HIV/AIDS. He is co-principal investigator of the HIV Cost and Services Utilization Study, which is assessing costs, access, and quality of care in the first nationally representative study of HIV-positive individuals.

Dr. Bozzette is affiliated with the VA San Diego Healthcare System and the UC San Diego School of Medicine. He is a fellow of the American College of Physicians and the Infectious Diseases Society of America; a member of the American Society for Clinical Investigations and the American Association of Physicians; and a participant on many local, national, and international boards and committees.

Cowhey’s current research includes the political determinants of foreign policy, the reorganization of the global communications and information industries, and the future of foreign trade and investment rules in the Pacific Rim. His extensive research and writings on international telecommunications markets and regulation have been supported by such research institutes as the World Bank, the Council on Foreign Relations, the American Enterprise Institute, the Brookings Institution, the Markle Foundation, and the Twentieth-Century Fund.

Dr. James Dunford is the medical director of the City of San Diego and oversees the City’s EMS system. Dunford graduated from Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons in 1976 and is board certified in both Emergency Medicine and Internal Medicine. He joined the UCSD emergency medicine faculty in 1980, serving as a crew member and later medical director of the San Diego Life Flight helicopter program.

Dunford directed the UCSD paramedic base hospital for thirteen years and has been the medical director of the San Diego Fire-Rescue Department since 1988. In 1990, he founded the UCSD Emergency Medicine Residency Training Program and served as its director until 1992. In 1996, he won the American College of Emergency Physicians faculty CPC competition. He has been selected twice as the outstanding faculty teacher by the graduating UCSD residents. He is a co-investigator on three NIH-funded trials involving acute stroke, wireless disaster systems, trauma resuscitation and cardiac arrest. He has received numerous awards for community service and is the 2004–05 President of the Board of Directors of the Greater San Diego chapter of the American Heart Association.

Michael A. Friedman, M.D., is president and chief executive officer of City of Hope Hospital. He previously served as acting commissioner of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA); as rear admiral and assistant surgeon general in the Public Health Service Commissioned Corps; as associate director of the Cancer Therapy Evaluation Program at the National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health. Before that, he was an associate professor and director of the Clinical Research Program for hematology and oncology at UC San Francisco.

Dr. Friedman has received numerous commendations, including the Surgeon General’s Medallion in 1999. Most recently, Friedman held the position of senior vice president of Research and Development, Medical and Public Policy, for Pharmacia Corporation. In addition, he served as chief medical officer for Biomedical Preparedness at the Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers of America in response to the events of September 11, 2001.

Friedman's professional activities at the local and national level have included appointments to various posts in the American Society of Clinical Oncology, as well as memberships in the American Association for Cancer Research, the American Cancer Society, the American Association for the Advancement of Science, the American Federation for Clinical Research and the Western Society for Clinical Investigation. His scholarly activities include authorship of several book chapters and more than 150 scientific articles in prestigious journals.

Friedman received a B.A. magna cum laude from Tulane University and his medical degree from the University of Texas, Southwestern Medical School. He completed postdoctoral training at Stanford University and the National Cancer Institute, and is board-certified in Internal Medicine and Medical Oncology.

Karl Hostetler is a professor of Endocrinology at UC San Diego Medical School. In recent years, his laboratory has become involved in the design, synthesis and evaluation of novel lipid analogs of nucleosides and nucleotides as antiviral or anti-proliferative agents. Their techniques have led to a platform strategy to make poorly absorbed drugs orally bioavailable. Some of their compounds have been tested against HIV-1, hepatitis B, herpes simplex, cytomegalovirus, monkeypox, cowpox, vaccinia virus, Epstein Barr virus, smallpox and others. Recently their oral compound, 1-O-hexadecyloxypropyl-cidofovir, was shown to protect from lethal poxvirus infection in rodents. Finally, with their collaborators in the Department of Ophthalmology, they are also working on long duration of action strategies for viral and proliferative diseases of the retina. Their research is supported by the NIH, NEI and the US Army/ Department of Defense.

Dr. Jay has ten years of experience working in public health including positions in both state and local government. From 1995–1998 she served as the Chief Epidemiologist for the Sacramento County Department of Health and Human Services. She returned to CDHS in 1999 and was subsequently assigned to act as Chief of the Veterinary Public Health Section and State Public Health Veterinarian for California. In this capacity, she provided leadership in the statewide veterinary public health program directed at the surveillance and control of animal-borne diseases and injuries. Dr. Jay also worked closely with other staff in CDHS, the California Department of Food and Agriculture, and UCD on the initial planning effort to create the Western Institute for Food Safety and Security (WIFSS). In June 2003, Dr. Jay joined the CDHS Food and Drug Branch as a Research Scientist. Her goal is to build important food safety research liaisons between CDHS, WIFSS and other key public health agencies and organizations.

Dr. Jay’s professional interests include the epidemiology and ecology of zoonotic food borne pathogens and development of molecular diagnostic approaches to rapidly detect and characterize human pathogens in foods and other environmental samples.

Major General Dennis M. Kenneally was named Commanding General of the California Army National Guard in 2002. He has served as San Diego County's Manager for Economic Policy and as the Manager for the Regional Office of Drug Policy, Administration and Coordination. He was then appointed as the Chief Deputy of the Sheriff's Department and was subsequently promoted to the position of Assistant Sheriff. For his service with the Sheriff's Department he received its highest award for distinguished service. General Kenneally was later appointed as the Executive Director of the California Border Alliance Group, the executive committee for the San Diego and Imperial Counties' portion of the Southwest Border High Intensity Drug Trafficking Area. He is a graduate of the San Diego Police Academy (Reserve).

General Kenneally holds a bachelor's degree in economics, with honors, and a master's degree in public administration, both from San Diego State University. He received a master's degree in business administration from Marymount University in Virginia. General Kenneally completed Harvard University's program for Senior Executives, the National Defense University's National Security Management Course, the Defense Systems Management College Course for General/Flag officers, and the Army War College. He studied at the former Defense Intelligence College and served as a member of its in-house advisory board, and as an adjunct professor at the National Defense University.

General Kenneally has received several awards for his public service. He is the recipient of the Order of California, the Mississippi Magnolia Cross, and the District of Columbia's Distinguished Service Medal. For his diplomatic work on behalf of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization he was the honored by being invested as a Knight of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta with the rank of Knight Commander with Crossed Swords. For his service with the Intelligence community he received the Knowlton Award and the Medallion for Meritorious Service from the Air Force Intelligence Reserve.

General Kenneally's military decorations include: the Legion of Merit, Distinguished Flying Cross, Bronze Star Medal for Valor, Meritorious Service Medal with three Oak Leaf Clusters, Air Medal with Numeral, Army Commendation Medal for Valor, Army Commendation Medal for Meritorious Service, Army Achievement Medal, the Humanitarian Service Medal, the German Armed Forces Badge, the Secretary of Defense Identification Badge, the Air Assault Badge, and the Army Aviator's Badge.

Michael J. Kleeman is an independent consultant working in the technology and health related areas. During the last two years he served as the Chief Technology Officer for Catenas, a network of professional services firms, and Aerie Networks, a new long-distance provider in the United States. Previously he was a senior technology partner in a global consulting firm, specializing in the telecommunications, Internet and computer/information areas. He has more than twenty-five years of experience in telecommunications and information systems related business strategy, technology design, economic analysis and complex project management. He has also worked on the design and implementation of networks for voice and data communications, including carrier and private networks, in both domestic and international arenas.

Kleeman has extensive industry expertise in the technology/computer, commercial, government, financial, and health areas, both as a consultant and as an operating manager. His background includes work for local and inter-exchange carriers, network and computer hardware and software vendors, user organizations, and national agencies. Kleeman has been the lead designer and project manager for numerous telecommunications projects, for a wide range of user, carrier, and vendor organizations.

Michael Nacht is Aaron Wildavsky Dean and Professor of Public Policy at at the Goldman School of Public Policy at UC Berkeley. He teaches and writes in the fields of U.S. national security and foreign policy and on management strategies for public organizations.

From 1994 to 1997, after unanimous U.S. Senate confirmation, Nacht served as Assistant Director for Strategic and Eurasian Affairs of the U.S. Arms Control and Disarmament Agency. He directed the agency’s work on nuclear arms reduction and missile defense negotiations with Russia and designed the first high-level nuclear arms dialogue with China. He participated in five summit meetings with President Clinton: four with Russian President Yeltsin and one with Chinese President Jiang Zemin. He was granted the Agency’s Distinguished Honor Award, its highest form of recognition.

Nacht served previously for more than a decade each on the faculty of the School of Public Affairs in the University of Maryland at College Park and at Harvard University’s Kennedy School of Government. He was a founding co-editor of the quarterly journal International Security. He began his career as a missile aerodynamicist at the NASA Lewis Research Center in Cleveland, Ohio, and then served as a systems and management consultant with Dunlap and Associates, Inc. in Darien, Connecticut.

Nacht holds a B.S. in aeronautics and astronautics from New York University and a Ph.D. in political science from Columbia University. He is the author of five books and numerous other publications, most recently National Missile Defense: An American Perspective.He chairs an advisory panel to the Office of the Secretary of Defense on combating terrorist use of weapons of mass destruction in the United States. He is a member of the Educator’s Advisory Committee to the Comptroller General of the United States, an advisory committee to the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, the Board of Trustees of the World Affairs Council of Northern California, and the Board of the Japan Society of Northern California.

Dr. William Potter is Institute Professor and Director of the Center for Nonproliferation Studies at the Monterey Institute of International Studies (MIIS). He also directs the MIIS Center for Russian and Eurasian Studies.

Dr. Potter has contributed chapters and articles to over eighty-five scholarly books and journals. He has served as a consultant to the Arms Control and Disarmament Agency, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, the RAND Corporation, and the Jet Propulsion Laboratory. He has been a member of several committees of the National Academy of Sciences and currently serves on the National Academy of Sciences/Russian Academy of Sciences Joint Working Group on Nuclear Nonproliferation. His present research focuses on nuclear terrorism and on proliferation issues involving the post-Soviet states.

Potter is a member of the Council on Foreign Relations, the Pacific Council on International Policy, and the International Institute for Strategic Studies, and served for five years on the UN Secretary-General’s Advisory Board on Disarmament Matters and the Board of Trustees of the UN Institute for Disarmament Research. He currently serves on the International Advisory Board of the Center for Policy Studies in Russia (Moscow). He was an advisor to the delegation of Kyrgyzstan to the 1995 NPT Review and Extension Conference and to the 1997, 1998, 1999, 2002, 2003 and 2004 sessions of the NPT Preparatory Committee, as well as to the 2000 NPT Review Conference.

Daniel B. Rodriguez has been Dean of the University of San Diego School of Law since July 1998. From 1988 to 1998, Rodriguez was a professor of law at Boalt Hall School of Law, University of California, Berkeley. He teaches and writes in the areas of administrative law, state and local government law, political theories of law/law and theories of politics, state and local finance, constitutional law and legislation.

Rodriguez has been a Visiting Scholar at the Hoover Institution, Stanford University (1993 and 2002), a Visiting Professor at the McGeorge School of Law Government Affairs Program (1995), a John M. Olin Fellow in Law and Economics at the University of Virginia School of Law (1993) and a Visiting Professor, Free University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands (1991 and 1992).

Rodriguez earned his J.D. cum laude in 1987 at Harvard Law School, where he was Supreme Court editor of the Harvard Law Review. He served as judicial law clerk for the Honorable Alex Kozinski, U.S. Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit (1987–88). He also is an alumnus of California State University, Long Beach, where he earned the highest honors as outstanding graduate in the School of Social and Behavioral Sciences in 1984.

David Tuller is a free-lance journalist based in San Francisco. From 1988 to 1997, he was a reporter at the San Francisco Chronicle, where his beats included health policy, occupational health, and gay and lesbian issues. After leaving the Chronicle, he served as health editor at Salon.com, where he remains a contributing writer. Tuller is also a frequent contributor to ScienceTimes, the Tuesday health and science section of the New York Times, and regularly travels to Eastern Europe and former Soviet republics to lead journalism training seminars. He recently completed a three-month Knight Foundation journalism fellowship at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in Atlanta, where he studied epidemiology, traveled to Jamaica and Pennsylvania as part of CDC teams investigating disease outbreaks, and participated in SARS preparedness planning.

Jessica Wallack is assistant professor in the Graduate School of International Relations and Pacific Studies at UC San Diego. She received her Ph.D. in political economy from the Stanford University Graduate School of Business and her B.A. magna cum laude in political science from Harvard University.

Wallack's research interests include policymaking under uncertainty and the politics and economics of development and integration with international markets. She has co-edited a forthcoming book on the interaction of federalism, economic reform, and globalization and has published several articles on various topics in macro political economy. Her regional focus is Latin America and India.

Wallack worked for the World Bank, Inter-American Development Bank, and the Asian Development Bank prior to coming to UC San Diego.

Dr. Cyndi Wells joined the staff of Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) in 2000. She is a technical staff member in the Nonproliferation Division, whose work spans across several divisions at the laboratory. Her work is focused on nonproliferation of chemical and biological weapons from several different perspectives, including informing policy, policy analysis, and intelligence analysis. She is also keenly interested in improving technology for detection of chemical weapons and heads a basic technical research project in this area.

Wells is the laboratory-appointed representative to both the Biological and Toxin Weapons Convention and the Chemical Weapons Convention Interlaboratory Working Groups of the Department of Energy. As the LANL representative to these groups, she is responsible for the Laboratory's completion of the annual Confidence Building Measures. In 2003–04, she was a member of the Iraq Survey Group's Chemical Warfare Agent Team, based in Baghdad. The Iraq Survey Group is fact-finding mission into the state of the weapons of mass destruction (WMD) programs developed by Iraq under the regime of Saddam Hussein.

In 1994, Wells received a B.S. with High Honors in Chemistry and Japanese from the University of Michigan. In 1999, she received a Ph.D. in Physical Chemistry from the University of Texas at Austin. She is an active member of the search and rescue community, having participated with her tracking dog on numerous searches as a member of Mountain Canine Corps, and is a triathlete.

Dr. Raymond A. Zilinskas directs the Chemical and Biological Weapons Nonproliferation Program (CBWNP) at the Monterey Institute of International Studies. After graduating from California State University at Northridge with a B.A. in Biology (1962), and from University of Stockholm with a Filosofie Kandidat in Organic Chemistry (1963), Dr. Zilinskas worked as a clinical microbiologist for sixteen years before commencing graduate studies at the University of Southern California.

After earning a Ph.D. in 1981, Dr. Zilinskas worked at the U.S. Office of Technology Assessment (1981–1982), the United Nations Industrial Development Organization (1982–1986), and the Center for Public Issues in Biotechnology, University of Maryland Biotechnology Institute (1987–1998). In addition, he was an adjunct associate professor at the Department of International Health, School of Hygiene and Public Health, the Johns Hopkins University (1986–1998).

In 1993, Dr. Zilinskas was appointed a William Foster Fellow at the U.S. Arms Control and Disarmament Agency (ACDA), where he worked on biological and toxin warfare issues. In April 1994, ACDA seconded Dr. Zilinskas to the United Nations Special Commission (UNSCOM) for seven months, during which time he participated in two biological warfare-related inspections in Iraq (June and October 1994) encompassing sixty-one biological research, development, and production facilities. After ACDA, Dr. Zilinskas returned to the Center for Public Issues in Biotechnology and Johns Hopkins University. In addition, he continued to work as a long-term consultant to ACDA (which now is part of the U.S. Department of State), for which he carried out studies on Cuban allegations of U.S. biological attacks against its people, animals, and plants and investigations carried out by the United Nations of chemical warfare in Southeast Asia and the Arabian Gulf region. Dr. Zilinskas currently is a consultant to the U.S. Department of State and the U.S. Department of Defense.

On September 1, 1998, Dr. Zilinskas began working as a Senior Scientist in Residence at the Center for Nonproliferation Studies. His research focuses on achieving effective biological arms control, the proliferation potential of the former Soviet Union's biological warfare program, and meeting the threat of bioterrorism through improved risk assessment methodology and vulnerabilities studies.