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Public Policy and Biological Threats
A program of the UC Institute on
Global Conflict and Cooperation
funded by the Carnegie Corporation of New York
2008 Speakers
Organizers
Sam Bozzette
Raymond Clark
Peter Cowhey
2008 Speakers |
 Samuel
Bozzette (B.S., Georgetown University; M.D., University
of Rochester; Ph.D., RAND Graduate School of Policy Studies) is executive director of health outcomes at Amylin Pharmaceuticals, adjunct senior natural
scientist at the RAND Corporation, and adjunct professor of medicine and of international
relations at UC San Diego. He is board-certified
in Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, and is a fellow of the American
College of Physicians and the Infectious Diseases Society of America. He is a
member
of the American Society for Clinical Investigation, the Association of American
Physicians, and the Pacific Council on International Policy. He has a strong
record of clinical, translational, outcomes, and health economics research, resulting
in over 150 publications (including more than 20 in the New England Journal
of
Medicine and Journal of the American Medical Association) that
have been cited
by more than 5,000 other publications. Many of these studies significantly
changed clinical practice or policy, as did his seminal work in modeling of potential
bioterrorist
attacks.
Dr Bozzette has served in the leadership of collaborative groups such as
the AIDS Clinical Trials Group (where he was head of the Opportunistic Infections
and later the Outcomes working groups) and has been a principal investigator
for many large multicenter clinical trials and outcomes research projects such
as the nationally representative HIV Cost and Services Utilization Study. He
founded an academic Division of Health Services Research in San Diego, headed
a Center for Research in Patient-Oriented Care, and directed the VA's
national Quality Improvement Research Initiative in HIV as well as sites or
cores for the Southern California Evidence Based Practice Center and the Center
for the Study of Provider Behavior, the San Diego Center for Patient Safety,
and the UCSD Center for AIDS Research.
Bozzette is involved in clinical teaching
and teaching of research methods. He has served on many national
committees, including the DHHS Committee on Clinical Practices for HIV Care,
the VA National Clinical
Guidelines Panel, and Institute of Medicine's Committee on the Ryan
White CARE Act (Data for Research Allocations, Planning, and Evaluation),
and the Committee
on HIV Prevention for Injection Drug Users in High-risk Countries. He has
been an advisor to the pharmaceutical industry, the Centers for Disease Control,
the Food and Drug Administration, and research centers and funders.
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Dr. Seth Carus is a Distinguished Research Professor at National Defense University and Deputy Director of the Center for Counterproliferation Research. His current work focuses primarily on issues related to biological terrorism, biological warfare, the Department of Defense's role in consequence management, and homeland defense. Prior to joining NDU, he worked at the Center for Naval Analyses. He served for three years on the policy planning staff in the Office of the Undersecretary of Defense for Policy. His publications include a working paper, Bioterrorism and Biocrimes: The Illicit Use of Biological Agents in the 20th Century, "The Poor Man's Atomic Bomb"? Biological Weapons in the Middle East (January 1991), The Genie Unleashed: Iraqi Biological and Chemical Weapons (July 1989), Ballistic Missiles in the Third World: Threat and Response (1990), and Cruise Missile Proliferation in the 1990s (1992).
Rohit A. Chitale is an epidemiologist in the CDC's Global Disease Detection Operations Center, an epidemic intelligence unit within the Global Disease Detection program in the Coordinating Office for Global Health (COGH). Over the last 18 months, he has been part of a small analytical group that created the protocols and methodology to implement a functioning GDD Operations Center at CDC. His role in the GDD Ops Center is focused on detection and surveillance, verification, risk analysis, and facilitation of CDC responses.
Before joining CDC, Chitale spent several years conducting field research on malaria, specifically in conflict and post-conflict countries in Africa. He worked as a short-term consultant to Roll Back Malaria/Geneva, and helped the WHO evaluate a novel technology for malaria control among displaced populations. Prior to this work, he conducted clinical and behavior research in HIV/AIDS and other pediatric infectious diseases, in the United States, Europe, Asia, and Africa. His interests and experience include the development and evaluation of drugs, devices, and technologies to improve lives; and medical and public health informatics.
Dr. Chitale received his Ph.D. in epidemiology from the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, his M.P.H. from UCLA, and his B.A. in economics (minor in computer science) from the University of Maryland, College Park. He holds a faculty appointment in the Department of International Health at Johns Hopkins.
 Raymond
Clark is a research fellow and program manager for security studies and training at the University of California Institute on Global Conflict and Cooperation. Clark develops and manages diverse research, outreach, and training programs in biosecurity, national security, homeland security and health diplomacy. A former postdoctoral scholar in molecular cardiology at UC San Diego, Raymond is also a founding (former) board member of the National Postdoctoral Association and an expert on domestic S&T workforce policies. Clark works with faculty and research staff throughout the UC system to build bridges between research, policy and practice. An important part of this outreach effort is to build interest in and promote participation by young scholars (postdocs and graduate students) in policy-related projects and events
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 Peter
Cowhey holds a joint appointment as the UC San Diego associate vice chancellor for international affairs and the dean of the School of International Relations and Pacific Studies. and is a
past director of IGCC. His major fields of research are international political
economy,
comparative
foreign policy, and international relations theory. In 1994, Cowhey took
leave from UC San Diego to join the Federal Communications Commission. In
1997, he became the chief of the international bureau of the FCC, where he
was in charge of all policy and licensing for international telecommunications
services, including all satellite issues and licensing for the FCC. Prior
to becoming bureau chief he was the commission's senior counselor for International
Economic and Competition Policy.
Cowhey's current research includes the political determinants of foreign
policy, the reorganization of the global communications and information
industries, and the future of foreign trade and investment rules in the
Pacific Rim. His extensive research and writings on international telecommunications
markets and regulation have been supported by such research institutes
as the World Bank, the Council on Foreign Relations, the American Enterprise
Institute, the Brookings Institution, the Markle Foundation, and the Twentieth-Century
Fund. His books include The Problems of Plenty: Energy Policy and International
Politics; When Countries Talk: International Trade in Telecommunications
Services (with J. Aronson); Managing the World Economy: The Consequences
of Corporate Alliances (with J. Aronson); and Structure and Policy
in Japan and United States (co-edited with Mathew McCubbins).
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 Dr. Michael
Friedman is president and chief executive officer
of City of Hope, a cancer research and treatment institution dedicated to
innovation in basic and clinical biomedical research and delivery of compassionate,
world-class patient care. Dr. Friedman was formerly senior vice president
of research and development, medical and public policy, for Pharmacia Corporation.
In addition, he served as chief medical officer for biomedical preparedness
at the Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers of America following the
events of September 11, 2001. Dr. Friedman had previously served as FDA Deputy
Commissioner and was later tapped by the Clinton administration to serve
as acting commissioner of the agency. He helped to streamline the FDA's
review and approval process and provided oversight of evaluations for drugs,
biologics, medical devices, and food ingredients.
In 1983, Dr. Friedman was chief of the Clinical Investigations Branch
of the Division of Cancer Treatment at the National Cancer Institute, and
went
on to become associate director of the division's cancer therapy evaluation
program. Before joining the NCI, Dr. Friedman spent nearly a decade at UC
San Francisco, serving as associate professor of medicine, eventually becoming
interim director of the Cancer Research Institute.
Dr. Friedman has received numerous commendations, including the Surgeon General's
Medallion in 1999. He received his Bachelor of Arts degree magna cum laude from Tulane University and a Doctorate in Medicine from the University of Texas.
He completed postdoctoral training at Stanford University and the National
Cancer Institute, and is board certified in Internal Medicine and Medical Oncology.
 Robert Friedman is vice president for public policy at the Venter Institute. Friedman directs JCVI’s Policy Center and is also active in several projects ongoing in the institute’s Environmental Genomics Group. Prior to joining the Venter Institute, Friedman was vice president for research at the Heinz Center, a nonprofit policy research organization that brings together collaborators from government, industry, environmental organizations, and academia. Earlier, Friedman was a senior associate at the Office of Technology Assessment, U.S. Congress (OTA). For 16 years, he advised Congressional committees on issues involving environmental and natural resources policy.
Selected publications include Synthetic Genomics: Options for Governance (with M. S. Garfinkel, D. Endy, and G. L. Epstein, 2008); The State of The Nation’s Ecosystems: Measuring the Lands, Waters, and Living Resources of the United States (with R. O’Malley and staff of the Heinz Center, 2002); and Environmental Policy Tools: A User's Guide (1995).
Dr. Friedman received his Ph.D. from the University of Wisconsin, Madison, in ecological systems analysis, concentrating in ecology, environmental engineering, and systems analysis. He is a Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science.
 Michele Garfinkel is a policy analyst at the J. Craig Venter Institute. Her research focuses on identifying emerging societal concerns associated with new discoveries in genomics and crafting options for policy interventions. Her earlier work at Columbia University’s Center for Science, Policy, & Outcomes focused on health research policy. Prior to her appointment at Columbia, she was an assistant in the Scientific Freedom, Responsibility & Law Program of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, where she worked primarily on policy issues related to stem cell research. She was a post-doctoral fellow at the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center in Seattle, where she conducted research on genetic and developmental regulation of the cell cycle in Drosophila melanogaster.
Dr. Garfinkel received her A.B. in genetics from UC Berkeley and her Ph.D. in microbiology from the University of Washington, Seattle, where she completed a dissertation on translational regulation of messenger RNAs in eukaryotic cells during influenza virus infection. She also holds an M.A. in science, technology, and public policy from the George Washington University, where she was a Shapiro Fellow in International Affairs.
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 Jerry
R. Gillespie, the director of the Western Institute for Food Safety
and Security, brings to his task expertise in several fields of veterinary
medicine, experience in building effective research teams, and enduring
interest in food safety and defense (protection from intentional or unintentional
harm to the food supply).
Dr. Gillespie earned his Doctor of Veterinary Medicine degree from Oklahoma
State University in 1961, spent a year in veterinary practice, and completed
his doctorate in comparative pathology at UC
Davis in 1965. After a postdoctoral fellowship with the Cardiovascular
Research Institute at the UC San Francisco Medical Center, he joined the
faculty of the UC Davis Schools of Veterinary Medicine and Medicine. Dr.
Gillespie remained at Davis from 1966 until 1985, becoming known for his
applications of heart-lung physiology to the developing field of equine
anesthesiology and exercise physiology. He has published more than 100
original scientific publications contributing internationally to a fuller
understanding of respiratory disease, equine exercise physiology, and food
safety.
In 1985, Dr. Gillespie moved to Kansas State University College of Veterinary
Medicine to become head of the Veterinary Teaching Hospital and Department
of Clinical Sciences. While at the college, Gillespie observed the strong
links between the state and its food agriculture industry and began to
promote research on food animals and food safety. He helped found the Kansas
State University Food Animal Health and Management Center in 1994. The
center's findings on the ecology of food-borne pathogens, the role of wildlife-livestock
interaction in spreading disease to people, and other food-related matters
have led to new recommendations for food safety strategies on the farm.
Dr. Gillespie served as first executive director of the Joint Institute
for Food Safety Research, the White House Office for Science and
Technology, U.S. Department of Agriculture, and U.S. Department
of Health and Human
Services. From 2000 until 2002, he and the institute brought together 20
federal
agencies conducting food safety research and laid the groundwork for further
collaborations with state agencies, private industry groups, and international
partners.
Professional service contributions encompass several national and international
organizations, including the American Veterinary Medical Association, the
Academy of Veterinary Cardiology, the American College of Veterinary Anesthesiologists,
and numerous equine groups. He has also led numerous professional committees
and task forces related to food safety and veterinary education.
Dr. Gillespie's goals for the Western Institute for Food Safety and Security include fostering timely food safety and defense research; applying new knowledge to both plant- and animal-based food products; responding to the public and food industries; and promoting the scientific scrutiny of issues throughout the food-production continuum— from the farm environment to the consumer—that will assure the highest international standards of food safety and quality.
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| Michele
Ginsberg is the chief of the division of Community Epidemiology
for the HHSA San Diego County. Community Epidemiology conducts disease
surveillance, investigation, and intervention on communicable diseases,
emerging infectious diseases, and intentional health threats.
Dr. Ginsberg is an adjunct clinical professor in the departments of Medicine and Family Medicine and adjunct professor in the San Diego State School of Public Health. Dr. Ginsberg has conducted investigations of AIDS/ HIV epidemiology and transmission in diverse populations, Hepatitis A in Mexican-American youth, prevalence of lead poisoning in homeless children, and factors influencing use of health care.
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 Miles Kahler is Rohr Professor of Pacific International Relations at the School of International Relations and Pacific Studies and professor of political science at UC San Diego. From 2001 to 2005, he served as interim director and founding director of the Institute for International, Comparative, and Area Studies (IICAS) at UC San Diego.
Kahler's recent publications include Territoriality and Conflict in an Era of Globalization (co-edited with Barbara Walter, Cambridge University Press, 2006); Governance in a Global Economy (co-edited with David Lake, Princeton University Press, 2003) and Leadership Selection in the Major Multilaterals (Institute for International Economics, 2001). His latest edited volume, Networked Politics: Agency, Power, and Governance, is forthcoming in 2009 from Cornell University Press. Current research interests include international institutions and global governance, the evolution of the nation-state, multilateral strategies toward failed states, and the political economy of international finance. He directed the research project on Rebuilding Political Authority in States at Risk at UC San Diego, supported by a grant from the Carnegie Corporation of New York.
Kahler was Senior Fellow in International Political Economy at the Council on Foreign Relations from 1994 to 1996. He is a member of the editorial board of International Organization and received his Ph.D. from Harvard University.
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 Michael Kleeman is a senior fellow at IGCC focusing on preparedness and critical infrastructure issues. He has worked with the intelligence community on information sharing procedures and technologies, and is currently working with the State Office of Homeland Security on senior elected official training and preparedness. He serves as the national chair of strategy for the American Red Cross focusing on community preparedness and large- scale organization coordination.
For more than 30 years Kleeman has been involved in the technology industry in engineering, planning, management and advisory roles. He has also worked with a number of start-up firms and been an executive manager in both the consulting and technology industry. Formerly a vice president at the Boston Consulting Group, director at Arthur D. Little, and executive at Sprint, Kleeman has been involved with numerous technology companies in North America as advisor and executive. He has most recently served as the co-founder, vice president and chief technical officer of Cometa Networks, a nationwide 802.11 firm, and before that Aerie Networks, a U.S. nationwide long- distance fiber optic carrier and was also the founding CTO of Global Telesystems Group.
Kleeman holds an M.A. from the Claremont Graduate School. He serves a on the boards of Equal Access, a not-for-profit providing digital satellite radio services to developing nations, and the Marine Mammal Center in Sausalito. He is also on the advisory council for the Comnexus San Diego. Previously he was a visiting fellow at the University of California's Berkeley Roundtable on International Economics, a fellow of the BIOS Institute, a firm specializing in Complex Adaptive Systems, and served on the Board of Science Foundation Ireland.
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 Samuel
Stanley is the Vice Chancellor for Research and a Professor in the Division of Infectious Diseases in the Department of Medicine and in the Department of Molecular Microbiology at Washington University. He is the Principle Investigator and Director of the multi-institutional Midwest Regional Center of Excellence for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases Research (MRCE).
Dr. Stanley received a B.A. from the University of Chicago, and his M.D. from Harvard Medical School. He joined the faculty of Washington University School of Medicine in 1987, and has been involved in both basic science research in the Departments of Medicine and Molecular Microbiology, and patient care at Barnes Jewish Hospital. Dr. Stanley’s research focuses on the interactions between parasitic and bacterial pathogens and the human host, with a special emphasis on innate immunity to gut pathogens. He also has a long-standing interest in vaccine development, and the immunogenetics of vaccine responses. He is a former Pfizer Post-Doctoral Fellow, a recipient of a Research Career Development Award from NIH, was on the NIH Eukaryotic Pathogenesis Study Section and was a Burroughs Wellcome Scholar in Molecular Parasitology. Dr. Stanley has recently been named an Ambassador in Research!America’s Paul G. Rogers Society for Global Health Research.
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|  Steve Turner is currently serving as a loaned officer to the Governor’s Office of Homeland Security, Communications Division, charged with improving California’s response, coordination and management of crisis communications through year-round exercise and evaluation. Captain Turner is a twenty-year Fire Service veteran with the Sacramento Metropolitan Fire District. He has served as the Fire District’s public information officer, community services manager, hazardous materials response team captain, fire academy instructor, and fire investigator. Turner was honored as the Public Information Officer of the Year for 2007 by the State Information Officers Council. He also serves as chair of the board of directors for the Sacramento-Sierra Chapter of the American Red Cross, is the past president of the Sacramento Metropolitan Firefighters’ Association, past director for the California State Firefighters’ Association and Advisory Board of Directors for the Governor’s Office of Emergency Services/FIRESCOPE. Captain Turner holds a B.A. in management from Saint Mary’s College as well as associate degrees in administration of justice and fire science.
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 Phillip Van Saun is director of continuity and emergency services at UC San Diego. Previously he was an assistant chief in the emergency operations section of the California Governors Office of Emergency Services. He has served in the field of crisis response since 1987 when he was a Marine assigned to the White House emergency response mission. Following military service, van Saun served as a consultant to the White House Military Office, providing emergency response training to White House support personnel. In 2003 he served as an advisor during the evacuation of American oil company employees in Venezuela and in 2002 as a trainer and evaluator to the security and safety elements of the Panama Canal Authority.
In 1990 Van Saun was awarded the Presidential Service Award by President George H. W. Bush for his service to the White House. He is a graduate of the National Interagency crisis communications program, the White House Military Office’s executive support program and the executive seminar in crisis management at Harvard University.
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 Jeffrey
Wasserman, Ph.D., is a senior policy researcher at RAND. Wasserman
has more than 25 years of experience directing large and complex health
services research projects in the areas of public health preparedness,
health care financing, and health promotion and disease prevention. He
currently serves as principal investigator or co-principal investigator
on projects related to evaluating the public health system's ability
to prepare for, and respond to, infectious disease outbreaks (including
bioterrorist attacks); measuring the health impact in developing countries
of additional investments in diagnostic technologies; and assessing the
impact of health reform options in the United States. Recently, Wasserman
led projects on financing the health services safety net and on how the
U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs could modify its budget allocation
mechanism to better serve the health care needs of veterans.
Wasserman has published numerous papers and technical reports, as well
as co-authored three books (The Costs of Poor Health Habits, Harvard University
Press;
Tobacco Control Laws: Implementation and Enforcement, RAND; and Combating
Teen Smoking: Research and Policy Findings, University of Michigan
Press). Wasserman received his doctorate in public policy analysis from
the
RAND Graduate School for Policy Studies, where he was a Pew Health Policy
Fellow.
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 Dean
Wilkening directs the Science Program at the Center for International Security and Cooperation at Stanford University. He holds a Ph.D. in physics from Harvard University and worked at the RAND Corporation prior to coming to Stanford. His major research interests include nuclear strategy and policy, arms control, the proliferation of nuclear and biological weapons, bioterrorism, ballistic missile defense, and energy and security. His most recent research focuses on the broad strategic and political implications of ballistic missile defense deployments in Northeast Asia and South Asia. Prior work focused on the technical feasibility of boost-phase ballistic missile defense interceptors
Wilkening's recent work on bioterrorism focuses on understanding the scientific and technical uncertainties associated with predicting the outcome of hypothetical airborne biological attacks and the human effects of inhalation anthrax, with the aim of devising more effective civil defenses. He has participated in, and briefed, several U.S. National Academy of Science committees on biological terrorism and consults for several U.S. national laboratories and government agencies.
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 After graduating from California State University at Northridge with
a B.A. in biology, and from University of Stockholm with a Filosofie Kandidat
in organic chemistry, Dr. Raymond Zilinskas worked as a
clinical microbiologist for sixteen years, then commenced graduate studies
at the
University of Southern California. His dissertation addressed policy issues
generated
by recombinant DNA research, including the applicability of genetic engineering
techniques for military and terrorist purposes. After earning a Ph.D.,
Dr. Zilinskas
worked at the U.S. Office of Technology Assessment (1981–1982), United
Nations Industrial Development Organization (1982–1986), and University
of Maryland Biotechnology Institute (UMBI) (1987–1998). In addition, he
was an adjunct associate professor at the Department of International Health,
School of
Hygiene and Public
Health, Johns Hopkins University, until 1999.
In 1993, Dr. Zilinskas was appointed William Foster Fellow at the U.S.
Arms Control and Disarmament Agency (ACDA), where he worked on biological
and toxin warfare issues. In 1994, ACDA seconded Dr. Zilinskas to the United
Nations Special Commission (UNSCOM), where he worked as a biological analyst
for seven months. He participated in two biological warfare-related inspections
in Iraq (June and October 1994) encompassing 61 biological research and
production facilities. He set up a database containing data about key dual-use
biological equipment in Iraq and developed a protocol for UNSCOM's ongoing
monitoring and verification program in the biological field.
After the fellowship, Dr. Zilinskas returned to the UMBI and Johns Hopkins
University. In addition, he continued to serve as a long-term consultant
to ACDA (now part of the U.S. Department of State), for which he carried
out studies on Cuban allegations of U.S. biological attacks against its
people, animals, and plants; and investigations carried out by the United
Nations of chemical warfare in Southeast Asia and the Arabian Gulf region.
Dr. Zilinskas also is a consultant to the U.S. Department of Defense.
In September 1998, Dr. Zilinskas was appointed senior scientist at the
Center for Nonproliferation Studies (CNS), Monterey Institute of International
Studies. In 2002, he became director of the Chemical
and Biological Weapons Nonproliferation Program at the CNS. His research
focuses on achieving effective biological arms control, assessing the proliferation
potential of the former Soviet Union's biological warfare program,
and meeting the threat of bioterrorism. Dr. Zilinskas' book Biological
Warfare: Modern Offense and Defense, a definitive account of how modern
biotechnology has qualitatively changed developments related to biological
weapons and defense, was published in 1999. His co-edited book Encyclopedia
of Bioterrorism Defense was
published by Wiley in 2005, and currently he is writing a book on
the former Soviet Union's biological warfare program, including its
history, organization, accomplishments, and proliferation potential, which
will be published in 2008 by Harvard University Press.
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