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Public Policy and Biological Threats

A program of the UC Institute on
Global Conflict and Cooperation

funded by the Carnegie Corporation of New York

2006 Speakers


Organizers

Sam Bozzette
Raymond Clark
Peter Cowhey

2006 Speakers

Raymond Clark
Joseph Curtis
Michael Friedman
Jerry Gillespie
Michele Ginsberg
Scott Horsley
Michael Friedman
Michael Kalichman
Michael Kleeman
Mark Kleiman
Simon Lazarus
Nicole Lurie
Craig McIntosh
Margaret McKeown
Gerald Mackie
Stephen M. Maurer
Gregg O'Ryon
Kit Pogliano
Robert Powell
Mike Sicilia
Mark Smolinski
Samuel Stanley
Jeffrey Wasserman
Cyndi Wells
Dean Wilkening
Raymond Zilinskas


Samuel Bozzette (B.S., Georgetown University; M.D., University of Rochester; Ph.D., RAND Graduate School of Policy Studies) is senior natural scientist at the RAND Corporation, and adjunct professor of medicine and of international relations at UC San Diego.  He is board-certified in Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, and is a fellow of the American College of Physicians and the Infectious Diseases Society of America. He is a member of the American Society for Clinical Investigation, the Association of American Physicians, and the Pacific Council on International Policy. He has a strong record of clinical, translational, outcomes, and health economics research, resulting in over 150 publications (including more than 20 in the New England Journal of Medicine and Journal of the American Medical Association) that have been cited by more than 5,000 other publications. Many of these studies significantly changed clinical practice or policy, as did his seminal work in modeling of potential bioterrorist attacks.

Dr Bozzette has served in the leadership of collaborative groups such as the AIDS Clinical Trials Group (where he was head of the Opportunistic Infections and later the Outcomes working groups) and has been a principal investigator for many large multicenter clinical trials and outcomes research projects such as the nationally representative HIV Cost and Services Utilization Study.  He founded an academic Division of Health Services Research in San Diego, headed a Center for Research in Patient-Oriented Care, and directed the VA's national Quality Improvement Research Initiative in HIV as well as sites or cores for the Southern California Evidence Based Practice Center and the Center for the Study of Provider Behavior, the San Diego Center for Patient Safety, and the UCSD Center for AIDS Research.

Bozzette is involved in clinical teaching and teaching of research methods.  He has served on many national committees, including the DHHS Committee on Clinical Practices for HIV Care, the VA National Clinical Guidelines Panel, and Institute of Medicine's Committee on the Ryan White CARE Act (Data for Research Allocations, Planning, and Evaluation), and the Committee on HIV Prevention for Injection Drug Users in High-risk Countries. He has been an advisor to the pharmaceutical industry, the Centers for Disease Control, the Food and Drug Administration, and research centers and funders.


Raymond Clark is project manager for Security Studies and Training at the University of California Institute on Global Conflict and Cooperation. Clark manages diverse research, outreach, and training programs in homeland security, national security, and biosecurity. A former postdoctoral scholar in molecular cardiology at UC San Diego, Clark is also a founding board member of the National Postdoctoral Association and an expert on domestic S&T workforce policies. An important part of his outreach effort is to build interest in and promote participation by young scientists (postdocs and graduate students) in policy-related projects and events. In addition, he is involved in a variety of projects designed to focus attention on alternative career pathways for young scientists.
Peter Cowhey is dean of the Graduate School of International Relations and Pacific Studies at UC San Diego and is a past director of IGCC. His major fields of research are international political economy, comparative foreign policy, and international relations theory. In 1994, Cowhey took leave from UC San Diego to join the Federal Communications Commission. In 1997, he became the chief of the international bureau of the FCC, where he was in charge of all policy and licensing for international telecommunications services, including all satellite issues and licensing for the FCC. Prior to becoming bureau chief he was the commission's senior counselor for International Economic and Competition Policy.

Cowhey's current research includes the political determinants of foreign policy, the reorganization of the global communications and information industries, and the future of foreign trade and investment rules in the Pacific Rim. His extensive research and writings on international telecommunications markets and regulation have been supported by such research institutes as the World Bank, the Council on Foreign Relations, the American Enterprise Institute, the Brookings Institution, the Markle Foundation, and the Twentieth-Century Fund. His books include The Problems of Plenty: Energy Policy and International Politics; When Countries Talk: International Trade in Telecommunications Services (with J. Aronson); Managing the World Economy: The Consequences of Corporate Alliances (with J. Aronson); and Structure and Policy in Japan and United States (co-edited with Mathew McCubbins).


Joseph Curtis is the director for quality assurance at the Biomedical Headquarters for the American Red Cross in Washington, D.C. He is responsible for providing quality assurance oversight to the headquarters operations that control 45 percent of the U.S. blood supply. Dr. Curtis participated in the United Nations Monitoring, Verification and Inspection Commission (UNMOVIC) training program as a bioweapons inspector in Vienna, Austria in 2003.

Dr. Curtis' expertise in chem-bio medical defense program management supported the U.S. Marine Corps System Command in winning the David Packard Award for Acquisition Excellence in 2002. He participated in a joint research, development, test, and evaluation program with the Canadian Military to test and obtain FDA approval for a product to decontaminate human skin from chemical agents and biological toxins. His knowledge of best business practices and capability maturity models in systems engineering, project management, and manufacturing has been used to assist the Marine Corps to integrate a resuscitative surgical system that has saved the lives of wounded fighters in Afghanistan and Iraq. As the chief scientist and senior systems engineer for the Marine Corps in 2002, he participated in the system integration team responsible for testing the Joint Biological Agent Identification and Detection System used by the U.S. military to identify biological weapons. His work with the military also supported research and procurement programs to develop vaccines against a variety of known biological agents.

Curtis has supported product development efforts funded by the Congressionally Directed Medical Research Program to conduct human clinical trials for anti-fungal therapies. He has also supported product testing using the FDA's Animal Rule under the Foreign Comparative Test program to evaluate medical countermeasures against biological and chemical agents.

In 1994, Dr Curtis earned a doctorate in Cell & Developmental Biology from UC Davis.


Michele Ginsberg is the chief of the division of Community Epidemiology for the HHSA San Diego County. Community Epidemiology conducts disease surveillance, investigation, and intervention on communicable diseases, emerging infectious diseases, and intentional health threats.

Dr. Ginsberg is an adjunct clinical professor in the departments of Medicine and Family Medicine and adjunct professor in the San Diego State School of Public Health. Dr. Ginsberg has conducted investigations of AIDS/ HIV epidemiology and transmission in diverse populations, Hepatitis A in Mexican-American youth, prevalence of lead poisoning in homeless children, and factors influencing use of health care.


Dr. Michael Friedman is president and chief executive officer of City of Hope, a cancer research and treatment institution dedicated to innovation in basic and clinical biomedical research and delivery of compassionate, world-class patient care. Dr. Friedman was formerly senior vice president of research and development, medical and public policy, for Pharmacia Corporation. In addition, he served as chief medical officer for biomedical preparedness at the Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers of America following the events of September 11, 2001. Dr. Friedman had previously served as FDA Deputy Commissioner and was later tapped by the Clinton administration to serve as acting commissioner of the agency. He helped to streamline the FDA's review and approval process and provided oversight of evaluations for drugs, biologics, medical devices, and food ingredients.

In 1983, Dr. Friedman was chief of the Clinical Investigations Branch of the Division of Cancer Treatment at the National Cancer Institute, and went on to become associate director of the division's cancer therapy evaluation program. Before joining the NCI, Dr. Friedman spent nearly a decade at UC San Francisco, serving as associate professor of medicine, eventually becoming interim director of the Cancer Research Institute. Dr. Friedman has received numerous commendations, including the Surgeon General's Medallion in 1999. He received his Bachelor of Arts degree magna cum laude from Tulane University and a Doctorate in Medicine from the University of Texas. He completed postdoctoral training at Stanford University and the National Cancer Institute, and is board certified in Internal Medicine and Medical Oncology.


Jerry R. Gillespie, the director of the Western Institute for Food Safety and Security, brings to his task expertise in several fields of veterinary medicine, experience in building effective research teams, and enduring interest in food safety and defense (protection from intentional or unintentional harm to the food supply).

Dr. Gillespie earned his Doctor of Veterinary Medicine degree from Oklahoma State University in 1961, spent a year in veterinary practice, and completed his doctorate in comparative pathology at UC Davis in 1965. After a postdoctoral fellowship with the Cardiovascular Research Institute at the UC San Francisco Medical Center, he joined the faculty of the UC Davis Schools of Veterinary Medicine and Medicine. Dr. Gillespie remained at Davis from 1966 until 1985, becoming known for his applications of heart-lung physiology to the developing field of equine anesthesiology and exercise physiology. He has published more than 100 original scientific publications contributing internationally to a fuller understanding of respiratory disease, equine exercise physiology, and food safety.

In 1985, Dr. Gillespie moved to Kansas State University College of Veterinary Medicine to become head of the Veterinary Teaching Hospital and Department of Clinical Sciences. While at the college, Gillespie observed the strong links between the state and its food agriculture industry and began to promote research on food animals and food safety. He helped found the Kansas State University Food Animal Health and Management Center in 1994. The center's findings on the ecology of food-borne pathogens, the role of wildlife-livestock interaction in spreading disease to people, and other food-related matters have led to new recommendations for food safety strategies on the farm.

Dr. Gillespie served as first executive director of the Joint Institute for Food Safety Research, the White House Office for Science and Technology, U.S. Department of Agriculture, and U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. From 2000 until 2002, he and the institute brought together 20 federal agencies conducting food safety research and laid the groundwork for further collaborations with state agencies, private industry groups, and international partners.

Professional service contributions encompass several national and international organizations, including the American Veterinary Medical Association, the Academy of Veterinary Cardiology, the American College of Veterinary Anesthesiologists, and numerous equine groups. He has also led numerous professional committees and task forces related to food safety and veterinary education.

Dr. Gillespie's goals for the Western Institute for Food Safety and Security include fostering timely food safety and defense research; applying new knowledge to both plant- and animal-based food products; responding to the public and food industries; and promoting the scientific scrutiny of issues throughout the food-production continuum— from the farm environment to the consumer—that will assure the highest international standards of food safety and quality.


Scott Horsley is a business correspondent for NPR. He covers general economic issues with a special emphasis on energy. In 2004, Horsley took a break from business reporting to cover John Kerry's presidential campaign. He also reported from the Pentagon during the Afghan war and the early phases of the Iraq war.

Before joining NPR in 2001, Horsley was a reporter for KPBS-FM, where he received numerous honors, including a Public Radio News Directors' award for coverage of the California energy crisis. He also worked as a reporter for WUSF-FM in Tampa, Florida, and as a news writer and reporter for commercial radio stations in Boston and Concord, New Hampshire. Horsley began his professional career in 1987 as a production assistant for NPR in Washington.

Born and raised in Denver, Colorado, Horsley received a bachelor's degree from Harvard University and an MBA from San Diego State University. In addition to his radio work, Horsley can be heard in the classrooms of Darnall elementary school, where he volunteers as a "Rolling Reader." He lives in San Diego with his dog, Diego.


Michael Kalichman is a member of the Division of Neuropathology in the Department of Pathology and is the director of the UCSD Research Ethics Program. From 1986 through much of the 1990s, his research interests included the toxic effects of local anesthetics to peripheral nerve and diabetic neuropathy. He first taught about research ethics in 1988, became the director of the UCSD Research Ethics Program in 1997, and now teaches multiple courses in research ethics for UCSD graduate students and postdocs.

Dr. Kalichman has been an invited participant or speaker at many meetings and workshops, including: Data Management in Biomedical Research (Dept. Health and Human Services, 1990); Biomedical Research Integrity in the 1990s (sponsored by NIH, AAMC, and UCSD, San Diego, 1990); The Responsible Conduct of Research: A Commitment for all Scientists (PRIM&R, San Diego, 1996); Teaching Responsible Science (National Academy of Sciences, 1997); Educating for the Responsible Conduct of Research in the New Millennium (PRIM&R, Bethesda, 1999); review of a proposed PHS Policy on Instruction in the Responsible Conduct of Research (Office of Research Integrity, 2000); RCR experts invited to consult with NIH on evaluating the training grant RCR requirement (Bethesda, 2003); biosecurity education for biology researchers (Federation of American Scientists, 2004); and drafting of a code for the conduct of dual use research (National Science Advisory Board on Biosecurity, 2006). He is the creator of a Web-based resource to help institutions develop programs of instruction in the responsible conduct of research (http://rcrec.org/r) and leads an NIH-funded project to assess the effectiveness of teaching research ethics.

Dr. Kalichman is president of a national organization to promote responsible conduct of research education, the Responsible Conduct of Research Education Consortium (RCREC, http://rcrec.org), co-director and co-founder of the San Diego Center for Ethics in Science and Technology, and co-chair of the UCSD Embryonic Stem Cell Research Oversight Committee.


Michael Kleeman is a technology industry strategist whose particular skill is in bridging technical and business issues.  For over 30 years he has been involved in the technology industry in engineering, planning, management and advisory roles. He has also worked with a number of start-up firms and been an executive manager in both the consulting and technology industry.

Kleeman is an independent consultant working with major global equipment manufacturers (HW and SW) and global carriers as well as smaller firms in the services and optical products areas.  This work is focused on end to end user experience and commercial opportunities.  He is also currently at UCSD working with the IR/PS and the California Institute of Telecommunications and Internet Technology (CALIT2) on complex modeling, wireless technology applications and complex visualization systems. Formerly a vice president at the Boston Consulting Group, director at Arthur D. Little, and executive at Sprint, Kleeman has been involved with numerous technology companies in North America as advisor and executive. He has most recently served as the co-founder, vice president and chief technical officer of Cometa Networks, a nationwide 802.11 firm, and before that Aerie Networks, a U.S. nationwide long-distance fiber optic carrier. He was also the founding CTO of Global Telesystems Group.

Kleeman holds an M.A. from the Claremont Graduate School. He serves as the national chair of strategy for the American Red Cross and on the boards of Equal Access, a not-for-profit providing digital satellite radio services to developing nations, and the Marine Mammal Center in Sausalito. He is also on the advisory council for the San Diego Technology Council. Previously he was a visiting fellow at UC Berkeley (BRIE), a fellow of the BIOS Institute, a firm specializing in Complex Adaptive Systems, and he served on the board of Science Foundation Ireland.


Mark Kleiman, professor of policy studies at the UCLA School of Public Policy and Social Research, teaches methods of policy analysis, political philosophy, and drug abuse and crime control policy. He is also the chairman of BOTEC Analysis Corporation, a Cambridge, Massachusetts, firm that conducts policy analysis and contract research on illicit drugs, crime, and health care. Previously, he held teaching positions at the John F. Kennedy School of Government and the University of Rochester.

Professor Kleiman's primary research interests are drug abuse and crime control, with special attention to illicit markets and the design of deterrent regimes. His past positions include: director of policy and management analysis for the Criminal Division of the U.S. Department of Justice, deputy director for management of the Office of Management and Budget for the City of Boston, special assistant to Edwin H. Land at Polaroid Corporation, and legislative assistant to Congressman Les Aspin. He directed a study of the Drug Enforcement Administration for the Clinton transition team. Currently, he chairs the drug policy committee of the Federation of American Scientists and edits its Drug Policy Analysis Bulletin.


Simon Lazarus counsels and represents companies and associations in legislative, regulatory and policy matters affecting domestic and international issues. Based on his experience as a White House staff member and as a private legal and policy advocate, he has advised a foreign trademark owner on challenges before Congress and the Executive Branch to its rights under international trade agreements, represented a foreign-based developer of pharmaceutical products in connection with matters before the U.S. Government, and advised a leading provider of online employee training services to multi-national corporations on compliance with the European Privacy Directive and the U.S.-EU privacy "Safe Harbor" agreement.

Lazarus has represented a leading provider of wireless technology on global market access matters involving trade, competition, telecommunications and standards policy issues before the White House, Executive Departments, and Congress. He has also represented a leading global online service and Internet service provider in connection with security, encryption, and authentication issues and a leading foreign-based airline in connection with bilateral negotiations and regulatory matters affecting alliances and marketing agreements with U.S.-based airlines. In addition, Lazarus has frequently represented industry coalitions and associations, including an association of leading pharmaceutical manufacturers, an association of leading financial services companies, and served as general counsel to a coalition comprising the long distance telecommunications industry in connection with enactment of the Telecommunications Act of 1996.

Lazarus also served as associate director of the White House domestic policy staff under President Carter, where he oversaw enactment of major Carter Administration initiatives, including airline, trucking, and rail deregulation legislation, ethics in government and civil service reform, and the executive orders and legislation authorizing review of agency regulations by the Office of Management and Budget and other offices in the Executive Office of the President.


Dr. Nicole Lurie is senior natural scientist and the Paul O'Neill Alcoa Professor of Health Policy at the RAND Corporation. She is acting co-director of RAND's Center for Domestic and International Health Security, with responsibility for public health. Prior to that, she had a long affiliation with the University of Minnesota and Hennepin County Medical Center, where she was professor of medicine and public health, and most recently, medical advisor to the commissioner at the Minnesota Department of Health. From 1998–2001, she took a leave of absence to serve as principal deputy assistant secretary of health in the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Among her many responsibilities, she had supervisory responsibility for the Office of Emergency Preparedness and for the development of the pandemic influenza plan. Dr. Lurie has a long history in the health services research field, primarily in the areas of access to and quality of care, managed care, mental health, prevention, and health disparities.

Over the past three years, Dr. Lurie has worked extensively on issues related to the public health infrastructure and public health preparedness. She led a study to assess preparedness of California's public health infrastructure and to estimate gaps. In addition, she co-directs RAND's work with the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services to develop and test methods for assessing various components of public health preparedness.

Dr. Lurie attended college and medical school at the University of Pennsylvania, and completed her residency and MSPH at UCLA, where she was also a Robert Wood Johnson Foundation Clinical Scholar. She serves as senior editor for Health Services Research and has served on editorial boards and as a reviewer for numerous journals. She has served on the council and was president of the Society of General Internal Medicine, is currently on the board of directors for the Academy of Health Services Research, and has served on multiple other national committees. She is the recipient of numerous awards, including the AHSR Young Investigator Award, the Nellie Westerman Prize for Research in Ethics, the Heroine in Health Care Award, and is a member of the Institute of Medicine.

In addition to her work in health services research and health policy, Dr. Lurie continues to practice clinical medicine in the health care safety net and is the mother of teenaged boys.


Craig McIntosh specializes in quantitative impact analysis and the development of credit markets for the poor in Latin America and East Africa. McIntosh is currently investigating the role of credit bureaus in promoting economic mobility for the poor in Latin America. He is also analyzing the relationship between business scale and profitability in destitute economic environments, and the impact of the use of different affirmative actions measures on student body composition. He also has expertise in the political and economic development of East Africa. McIntosh received his Ph.D. in agricultural economics from UC Berkeley.

 


 

 

Judge Margaret McKeown was appointed to the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit by President Clinton and was confirmed by the United States Senate in 1998.

Judge McKeown was a White House fellow in 1980–1981, serving as special assistant to the Secretary of the Interior and special assistant at the White House. In 1993, she served as a Japan Society Leadership fellow. After law school, Judge McKeown joined the law firm of Perkins Coie and was a partner in the Seattle and Washington, D.C. offices before joining the bench. Her practice focused on complex litigation, intellectual property, antitrust and trade regulation. The Seattle-King County Bar Association honored her with its Outstanding Lawyer of the Year Award and she was named by the National Law Journal as one of the "50 Most Influential Women Lawyers"in the United States. She has received a number of other awards, including the University of Wyoming A&S Outstanding Alumna, the Georgetown University Law Center Outstanding Alumnae Award, the Outstanding Mentor Award from Big Sisters; and the Girl Scouts "Cool Women" award.

Judge McKeown serves on the Judicial Conference of the United States Codes of Conduct Committee. She is a member of the ABA Commission for Revision of the Model Judicial Code, the American Law Institute, the Advisory Board of the American Judicature Society, the Welsh chapter of the American Inns of Court, and is a fellow of the American Bar Foundation. She previously served as president of the Federal Bar Association of the Western District of Washington, a lawyer representative to the Judicial Conference of the Ninth Circuit, a member of the Ninth Circuit Gender Bias Task Force, co-president of Washington Women Lawyers, a member of the American Bar Association House of Delegates, and a trustee of the Seattle-King County Bar Association.

Judge McKeown is an adjunct professor at the University of San Diego Law School. A frequent participant in legal seminars on litigation, computer law, and intellectual property, she is widely published in the computer and trade secrets area and is co-author of "Trial Tactics in Trade Secret Litigation," Intellectual Property Counseling and Litigation (Matthew Bender) and "The Promises of a New World Information Order,"The Knowledge Economy (Aspen Institute). She is also an author of Business and Commercial Litigation in Federal Courts (West Group).

Judge McKeown has been active in community and civic affairs and currently serves on the national board of Volunteers of America. She served for many years on the national board of the Girl Scouts. She is the past chair of the White House Fellows Foundation.

Judge McKeown attended the University of Madrid and graduated Phi Beta Kappa from the University of Wyoming with a B.A. in 1972 and from Georgetown University Law Center with a J.D. in 1975. She received an honorary doctorate from Georgetown University in 2005.


Stephen M. Maurer is adjunct associate professor of public policy at UC Berkeley's Goldman School of Public Policy. He is also director of the information technology and homeland security program, which provides a focal point for the school's science, innovation, and security initiatives.  

From 1982 to 1996, Maurer practiced high technology and intellectual property litigation at leading law firms in Arizona and California. Since 1999, he has written and taught extensively on a variety of topics including database policy, academic/industry relations, patent law, antitrust, and open source biology.  His research has appeared in numerous journals including Nature, Science and Economica. Maurer holds a B.A. degree from Yale University and a J.D. in law from Harvard University.

Maurer's homeland security research focuses on designing efficient incentives for developing vaccines for bioweapons diseases and other urgently needed homeland security technologies; promoting grassroots initiatives by scientific communities to reduce the biosecurity risks associated with basic research; and analyzing how the new science of synthetic biology is change traditional biosecurity concerns.


Gregg O'Ryon has more than 25 years with the American Red Cross as a professional staff member. O'Ryon is currently the national director of client services for the Red Cross disaster program. In this capacity he is responsible for both the development of the elements of the Red Cross disaster relief program that are provided to clients affected by disaster as well as the national delivery of that assistance during relief operations throughout the United States and its territories. Shelter, feeding, recovery planning, individual financial assistance, mental health, and physical health programs are provided under his direction.

Prior to his position at Red Cross National Headquarters, O'Ryon has directed the local disaster programs in three different locations: Dayton, Ohio, Boston, Massachusetts, and San Francisco, California, as well as serving in a variety of management positions.

O'Ryon has also administered some of the largest relief operations in ARC history including serving as deputy director on Hurricane Hugo, and director for Hurricane Iniki and the Oakland Hills firestorm. In addition, O'Ryon is a critical incident response team director and an international response team member.


Kit Pogliano is associate professor of biology at UC San Diego. She received her Ph.D. from the department of microbiology and molecular genetics at Harvard Medical School and was a Damon Runyon-Walter Winchell postdoctoral fellow at Harvard University. She is a recipient of the Searle Scholar and Beckman Young Investigator awards.

 

 


 

Robert Powell is Robson Professor of Political Science at UC Berkeley. He is the author of numerous works on international relations, most recently "The Inefficient Use of Power: Costly Conflict with Complete Information" (American Political Science Review, 2004) and In the Shadow of Power: States and Strategies in International Politics (Princeton U. Press, 1999). Powell's current research focuses on the study of continuing conflicts throughout the world. He is an expert on the application of game theory to nuclear deterrence.


Michael Sicilia is public affairs manager with the California Homeland Security Exercise and Evaluation Program. Prior to that he was Deputy Director of Communications for California Governor Gray Davis, 1999–2003. Among his accomplishments, he oversaw the redesign of California’s award-winning web portal, MyCalifornia. He helped devise the communications strategy for the Y2K efforts and was interim spokesperson for the Department of Water Resources, charged with purchasing power for near-bankrupt utilities during California’s energy crisis. He was the governor’s liaison the State Joint Information Center during the devastation Southern California wildfires of 2003.

An award-winning broadcast journalist, from 1997–99, Sicilia was state capitol reporter for the California Report, heard on NPR stations statewide. He also covered the Sacramento region for KCBS-AM, San Francisco and KFBK-AM, Sacramento. Among the highlights of his Sacramento career was the coverage of the trial of convicted Unabomber Theodore Kaczynski for Westwood One radio network.

Sicilia won several Southern California Golden Mike Awards for his spot news coverage of the Los Angeles riots, as well as political and documentary reporting for station KCSN-FM, Northridge. He was honored by the Associated Press and the Radio and Television News Director’s Association for his coverage of the Polly Klaas Abduction case for KSRO-AM, Santa Rosa. He won a Society of Professional Journalists Award for his reporting on the O. J. Simpson murder trial for radio station KFBK-AM, Sacramento. Sicilia was trained in journalism at California State University Northridge where he won the prestigious Associated Press Clete Roberts Scholarship and the William Randolph Hearst Scholarship.


Mark S. Smolinski, M.D., M.P.H., is vice president for the biological programs at the Nuclear Threat Initiative (NTI) and director of their Global Health and Security Initiative, where he works to improve the global public health infrastructure for early detection, surveillance and response to infectious disease threats. In addition, he is a consultant to the World Health Organization and developed the curriculum for the WHO Health Leadership Service through a multi-disciplinary group of experts from around the globe. Prior to joining NTI, Smolinski was senior program officer at the Institute of Medicine of the National Academy of Sciences and study director for Microbial Threats to Health: Emergence, Detection, and Response.

Smolinski received his medical degree from the University of Michigan, training in internal medicine at Oakwood Hospital in Dearborn, Michigan, and training in preventive medicine at the University of Arizona where he received his Masters in Public Health. He is board certified in public health and preventive medicine. He was a member of the investigation team during the hantavirus discovery in Southwestern United States in 1993.

Smolinski was stationed as a CDC epidemic intelligence officer in San Diego, California from 1995–1997, where his experience included epidemiologic fieldwork in the Republic of Georgia. From 1997–2000, he was the ATPM Luther Terry Fellow at the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services in the Office of Public Health and Science, where he was a member of the Healthy People 2010 development team and had primary responsibility for Healthy People 2010: Understanding and Improving Health that focuses on the Leading Health Indicators and a community health framework.


Samuel Stanley is a professor in the Division of Infectious Diseases in the Departments of Medicine and Molecular Microbiology at Washington University. He is the principal investigator and director of the multi-institutional Midwest Regional Center of Excellence for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases Research (MRCE). On July 1, 2006, Dr. Stanley became vice chancellor for research at Washington University.

Dr. Stanley received a B.A. from the University of Chicago, and his M.D. from Harvard Medical School. He joined the faculty of Washington University School of Medicine in 1987, and has been involved in both basic science research in the Departments of Medicine and Molecular Microbiology, and patient care at Barnes Jewish Hospital. Dr. Stanley's research focuses on the interactions between parasitic and bacterial pathogens and the human host, with a special emphasis on innate immunity to gut pathogens. He also has a long-standing interest in vaccine development and the immunogenetics of vaccine responses. He is a former Pfizer post-doctoral fellow, recipient of a Research Career Development Award from NIH, sits on the NIH Eukaryotic Pathogenesis Study Section, and is a Burroughs Wellcome Scholar in Molecular Parasitology.


Jeffrey Wasserman, Ph.D., is a senior policy researcher at RAND. Wasserman has more than 25 years of experience directing large and complex health services research projects in the areas of public health preparedness, health care financing, and health promotion and disease prevention. He currently serves as principal investigator or co-principal investigator on projects related to evaluating the public health system's ability to prepare for, and respond to, infectious disease outbreaks (including bioterrorist attacks); measuring the health impact in developing countries of additional investments in diagnostic technologies; and assessing the impact of health reform options in the United States. Recently, Wasserman led projects on financing the health services safety net and on how the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs could modify its budget allocation mechanism to better serve the health care needs of veterans.

Wasserman has published numerous papers and technical reports, as well as co-authored three books (The Costs of Poor Health Habits, Harvard University Press; Tobacco Control Laws: Implementation and Enforcement, RAND; and Combating Teen Smoking: Research and Policy Findings, University of Michigan Press). Wasserman received his doctorate in public policy analysis from the RAND Graduate School for Policy Studies, where he was a Pew Health Policy Fellow.



Dr. Cyndi Wells joined the staff of Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) in 2000. She is a technical staff member in the nonproliferation division, whose work spans across several divisions at the laboratory. Her work is focused on nonproliferation of chemical and biological weapons from several different perspectives, including informing policy, policy analysis, and intelligence analysis. She is also keenly interested in improving technology for detection of chemical weapons and heads a basic technical research project in this area. Wells is the laboratory appointed representative to both the Biological and Toxin Weapons Convention and the Chemical Weapons Convention Interlaboratory Working Groups of the Department of Energy. As the LANL representative to these groups, she is responsible for the Laboratory's completion of the annual Confidence Building Measures. In 2003–2004, she was a member of the Iraq Survey Group's Chemical Warfare Agent Team, based in Baghdad. The Iraq Survey Group is fact-finding mission into the state of the Weapons of Mass Destruction (WMD) programs developed by Iraq under the regime of Saddam Hussein.

In 1994, Wells received a B.S. with high honors in chemistry and Japanese from the University of Michigan. In 1999, she received a Ph.D. in physical chemistry from the University of Texas at Austin. She is an active member of the search and rescue community, having participated with her tracking dog on numerous searches as a member of Mountain Canine Corps, and is a triathlete.


Dean Wilkening directs the science program at the Center for International Security and Cooperation at Stanford University. He holds a Ph.D. in physics from Harvard University and spent thirteen years at the RAND Corporation prior to coming to Stanford in 1996. His major research interests have been nuclear strategy and policy, arms control, the proliferation of nuclear, biological, and chemical weapons, ballistic missile defense, and conventional force modernization. His most recent research focuses on ballistic missile defense and biological terrorism. His work on missile defense focuses on the broad strategic and political implications of deploying national and theater missile defenses, in particular, the impact of theater missile defense in Northeast Asia, and the technical feasibility of boost-phase interceptors for national and theater missile defense. His work on biological weapons focuses on understanding the scientific and technical uncertainties associated with predicting the outcome of hypothetical airborne biological weapon attacks, with the aim of devising more effective civil defenses, and a reanalysis of the accidental anthrax release in 1979 from a Russian military compound in Sverdlovsk with the aim of improving our understanding of the human effects of inhalation anthrax.

After graduating from California State University at Northridge with a B.A. in biology, and from University of Stockholm with a Filosofie Kandidat in organic chemistry, Dr. Raymond Zilinskas worked as a clinical microbiologist for sixteen years, then commenced graduate studies at the University of Southern California. His dissertation addressed policy issues generated by recombinant DNA research, including the applicability of genetic engineering techniques for military and terrorist purposes. After earning a Ph.D., Dr. Zilinskas worked at the U.S. Office of Technology Assessment (1981–1982), United Nations Industrial Development Organization (1982–1986), and University of Maryland Biotechnology Institute (UMBI) (1987–1998). In addition, he was an adjunct associate professor at the Department of International Health, School of Hygiene and Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, until 1999.

In 1993, Dr. Zilinskas was appointed William Foster Fellow at the U.S. Arms Control and Disarmament Agency (ACDA), where he worked on biological and toxin warfare issues. In 1994, ACDA seconded Dr. Zilinskas to the United Nations Special Commission (UNSCOM), where he worked as a biological analyst for seven months. He participated in two biological warfare-related inspections in Iraq (June and October 1994) encompassing 61 biological research and production facilities. He set up a database containing data about key dual-use biological equipment in Iraq and developed a protocol for UNSCOM's ongoing monitoring and verification program in the biological field.

After the fellowship, Dr. Zilinskas returned to the UMBI and Johns Hopkins University. In addition, he continued to serve as a long-term consultant to ACDA (now part of the U.S. Department of State), for which he carried out studies on Cuban allegations of U.S. biological attacks against its people, animals, and plants; and investigations carried out by the United Nations of chemical warfare in Southeast Asia and the Arabian Gulf region. Dr. Zilinskas also is a consultant to the U.S. Department of Defense.

In September 1998, Dr. Zilinskas was appointed senior scientist at the Center for Nonproliferation Studies (CNS), Monterey Institute of International Studies. In 2002, he became director of the Chemical and Biological Weapons Nonproliferation Program at the CNS. His research focuses on achieving effective biological arms control, assessing the proliferation potential of the former Soviet Union's biological warfare program, and meeting the threat of bioterrorism. Dr. Zilinskas' book Biological Warfare: Modern Offense and Defense, a definitive account of how modern biotechnology has qualitatively changed developments related to biological weapons and defense, was published in 1999. His co-edited book Encyclopedia of Bioterrorism Defense was published by Wiley in 2005, and currently he is writing a book on the former Soviet Union's biological warfare program, including its history, organization, accomplishments, and proliferation potential, which will be published in 2007.



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